In June 2015, Amazon publically announced Amazon Echo, a smart speaker made by Amazon. This device is capable of voice interaction, setting the alarm, reading audio books, giving information like weather, traffic and other. It can control several smart devices using itself as home automation hub. Google self-driving car project is known as Way which is started by the company in 2009. In 2015, Wayne completed its first fully automatic car, giving a ride to a blind man on the public road of Texas. This doesn't stop here. In October 2009, Volkswagen exhibited its robotic car at Stanford University. After six years, in October 2015 Tesla has launched its semi-automatic car Model S car.
Automation and A.I are gaining lots and lots of attention of since their birth in an industrial sector. Automation was first introduced to the world by feedback control mechanism (The first feedback mechanism was invented in 1620. Automation was that old!!). The era of automation and A.I seemed to be far off in the future, but due to recent development, it seems closer than expected.
Automation and A.I can be used in every field. They can be used in Defense, Quality control, Manufacturing, Entertainment, Medical, Mining, Space Exploring, etc. In manufacturing, automation is being used for decades because of its unique advantages in that very field.
In manufacturing Field there are different types of Automation Systems are used.
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Different types of Automation systems:
1) Industrial Robots:
Industrial Robots is a system which is used in manufacturing Industries. Industrial Robots are automated, Programmable and free to move on two or more axis. They can be used for fixed or mobile applications.
- Applications
Industrial robots are used in Welding, Assembling, Spray Painting, Palletizing, Pick & Place jobs, Packaging, labeling, Inspection, and Testing; all of these are accomplished with high speed and great accuracy. They are also used to handle hazardous material and hot materials. They also can work in a hazardous and dangerous environment.
2) Numerical Control
These types of machine are used in every industry. Numerical Control machines are programmed to do repetitive tasks. If in this machine program is given by computer then it is known as computer numerical control machine.
- Applications
NC/ CNC machines are used for 3D printing, drilling, metal removing, Glass cutting, etc.
3) Computer Aided Manufacturing:
In this type of automation system, Computer software is used to control machinery. This system doesn’t deal with manufacturing directly, but it controls a flow of production and also used to control scheduling for production.
- Examples and Application
Examples of CAM are Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD). CAM is used for planning of manufacturing.
4) Flexible Manufacturing System:
Flexible Manufacturing System/ FMS allow all kind automation like robots, numerical control machines to act as the single unit. It also allows some amount of flexibility in an automation system. So when there is any change in system predictable or unpredictable, FMS instantly reacts to it and deals with it, so production remains continuous without any interruption. The main advantage of this system is its ability to manage manufacturing resources like the time an effort to manufacture a new product.
- Applications:
FMS system is mainly used in textile industries, automobile industries where there is possibility of manufacturing new part frequently. FMS is mostly used for a production of small sets of the product like in Mass Production.
ADVANTAGES:
- Increase productivity
- Reduced human labor cost and expense
- Improve the quality of accuracy.
- Reduces lead time for production
- There is less chance of faulty production
- Once an automatic system is installed, then there is no expense behind it.
- It doesn’t feel boredom. So efficiency of production increases
- It can work in a hazardous and dangerous environment like in nuclear furnace, in deep mining, in outer space where human beings cannot work.
- It can easily handle hazardous materials like radioactive material, Hot metal in the furnace.
DISADVANTAGES:
- Machines always have some limits, no matter how automatic and intelligent it is. Some specific tasks must be performed by the man himself.
- Automation increases unemployment by replacing human labors. This will ultimately have an impact on country’s economy.
- There is large initial cost, large installment cost is required for establishment of automation in the industry.
- Unpredictable maintenance also becomes the burden on the industry.
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Automation in different fields:
A. Food & Drinks:
Nowadays Restaurants become automatic by providing touch screen ordering and delivery system to the customer. MacDonald is first one to introduce this system. In a mall of Beijing, cost calculating, billing, packing, labeling all are done automatically at the cash counter.
B. Storing Facility:
In storage facility industrial robots are used for arranged products, for pick and place thing from one place to another. In storage automation, desired product can be picked up by the robot as per command is given to it via computer link. Amazon, a leading online shopping company, used fully automatic warehouses. ‘Kiva System’ is employed by Amazon in their warehouses.
C. Automated Mining:
Mining is the dangerous field. In mining, there are lots of risks due to the sudden gas explosion, chemical leakage, dust, electrocution, etc. that’s why mining industry is going toward automation. But due to lower cost and availability of third world labors, this industry is using the vast amount of works.
D. Space Exploration:
For deep space exploration where a human can’t survive physically/ mentally, we use fully automatic spaceship. NASA lunched Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 in September 1977 both are programmed to study out of solar system. Both are fully automatic spaceship without any human interference.
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| Voyager 1 exploring deep space |
They automatically send collected information to NASA. And we can’t forget about NASA’s Mars land rover CURIOSITY which is collecting information about the Red Planet.
E. The automatic Transportation:
This is most innovative and exploring field nowadays. Automatic or driver-free car still in its initial phase but driver-free subways, trains, metros are implemented successfully, and we are also taking advantage of. Google is investing and researching lots of in this direction. Toyota has already invested around $50 millions. Jaguar and Rover also have invested $11 million.
F. Defense:
In this field, drones have already proved their role. But there are lots to do more. Imagine a war which is fought by the fully automatic army and one nation won, and other loss without loss of single human life.
G. Medical:
All Ampule and Vial filling machines are automatic. All pharmaceutical companies used the fully automatic machine for filling, packaging, labeling of medicines and injections. Robots can do complex surgery very easily and accurately. Just think about complex brain surgeries, no doctor can give their 100%, but by using machines and robots, these surgeries can be done precisely and easily and with 100% efficiency of surgeon
Automation System: Get Different Systems And Field
Reviewed by Crazy Kartoos
on
February 15, 2017
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Reviewed by Crazy Kartoos
on
February 15, 2017
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